First, an example of a series circuit:. Here, we have three resistors labeled R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 , connected in a long chain from one terminal of the battery to the other. They serve only to identify one resistor from another. The defining characteristic of a series circuit is that there is only one path for electrons to flow. In this circuit the electrons flow in a counter-clockwise direction, from point 4 to point 3 to point 2 to point 1 and back around to 4.
Again, we have three resistors, but this time they form more than one continuous path for electrons to flow. Each individual path through R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 is called a branch. The defining characteristic of a parallel circuit is that all components are connected between the same set of electrically common points. A power source can be a voltage source or a current source. A common example of a voltage source is a battery. The Electrical components generally resistors , capacitors and inductors , etc.
Using different types of electrical components affects the properties of the circuit. The wires are pure conductors and they connect the electrical components and the power source together.
Connecting the components in various configurations also varies the circuit properties such as Series , Parallel and Serial-Parallel Circuit. The main two types of circuits are the Series and Parallel circuit. A series connection between components is when two or more than two components are connected together in a cascaded form or the tail of the 1st component is connected to the head of the 2 nd component and so on.
Series connected components form a chain-like structure in a single line. A connection is said to be parallel if two or more than two components are connected together side by side or their heads are connected together and their tails are connected together.
The parallel-connected components form multiple paths or loops. A circuit is said to be a series circuit if the components are connected in a series configuration or cascaded formation in a single line. A series circuit forms a pathway that has only one loop, therefore, the current flowing through components is the same and the voltage divides depending on the resistance of each component.
The current through each component in a series circuit remains the same and it is equal to the current supplied by the power source. Since there is only one path for the current flow, the current does no divide. The sum of the voltage drops across each component in a series circuit is equal to the supply voltage. The voltage is a series circuit divides among the components based on their resistance.
Therefore, the voltage drop across each component is different and depends on the value of resistance of the components. When resistors are connected in a series configuration their total resistance adds up and it is the sum of individual resistance of each resistor.
The total resistance in a series circuit is always greater than its individual resistance. When capacitors are connected in series their total or equivalent capacitance decreases because the voltage difference across each capacitor decreases and the charge stored due to this voltage also decreases.
The total capacitance in a series circuit is always less than the individual capacitance. The total inductance of two or more than two inductors in a series circuit is the sum of individual inductance.
The total inductance increases and it is always greater than the individual inductance in a series circuit. If there is a fault in any component in a series circuit, the whole circuit does not work because the current flow breaks and there is no other path for the current to flow.
So a fault in a single component will cause the whole circuit to deactivate. In order to troubleshoot a series circuit, you have to check each component. Thus, the troubleshooting series circuit is difficult than a parallel circuit. A common example of the series circuit would be the Christmas lights , they are connected in series.
If one of them stops working, the whole string does not light up and it is very difficult to spot the defective light.
If two or more than two power supplies are connected in series their total or equivalent voltage will be the sum of individual voltages while the total current supplied will remain the same as the current supplied by individual supply.
You may use the following electrical formulas to calculate the power in a series circuit:. So if you want to increase the voltage of power supply connected then in series. A parallel circuit refers to a circuit with two or more two paths for the current to flow. In a parallel circuit, all the components have the same voltage. In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each element is the same and equal to the source voltage Vs , and the current through each element I1, I2, I3 varies according to the impedance in this example, the resistance of each element.
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